import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
%matplotlib inline

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(4.5, 3))
ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1)

x = np.linspace(-5, 5, 100)
y = x**2
ax.plot(x, y, 'r-')

fig.savefig('static_map.png')

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
%matplotlib auto

def expand(mi, mx):
 inter = (mx - mi) * 0.05
 return mi-inter, mx+inter

x_min, x_max = expand(-5, 5)
y_min, y_max = expand(0, 25)

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(4.5, 3))
ax = fig.add_subplot(1, 1, 1)
ax.axis([x_min, x_max, y_min, y_max]) # 固定 X 轴和 Y 轴坐标范围
plt.ion()        # 连续动态图

# 初始化 (x, y) 坐标
pre_x = -5 
pre_y = pre_x ** 2

for _ in range(100):     # 以 0.1 的步长更新 x，绘制 y=x**2 的动态图
 cur_x = pre_x + 0.1
 cur_y = cur_x ** 2
 
 ax.plot([pre_x, cur_x], [pre_y, cur_y], 'r-')
 plt.pause(0.1)      # 每次绘制后暂停 0.1 秒
 
 pre_x, pre_y = cur_x, cur_y